Noreen Ruth asked:


So you’ve followed the advice of the financial experts and requested copies of your credit reports. And low and behold you find an entry that raises questions and concern. The idea of having to head-to-head with a credit bureau probably ranks up there with root canals in things you want to do. But the process in either case isn’t as dire as imagined but does require immediate action to avoid further damage.

Here are the steps you’ll need to take to effectively dispute credit report errors.

Confirm Errors and Inaccuracies:

Immediately investigate any unauthorized accounts or activity you find on your report. Contact any institution that is involved; collect and document all communication that is relevant to your dispute. Include documentation from banks, credit issuers and financial institutions that are part of the disputed issue.

Contact the Credit Reporting Agencies:

It is the obligation of credit agencies to investigate any dispute. When you’ve gathered all the documentation you can, it’s now time to contact the credit reporting bureau(s) to dispute the information.

Mark up a copy of your credit report with a highlighter to reflect the disputed parts of the report. Explain in your credit report dispute letter why the information is inaccurate, in as much detail as possible. Include copies of all of the supporting documents and send them, via certified, return-receipt mail to the credit agency. Request that the credit agency remove or correct the error on your credit report. (Be sure to keep a copy of your letter, and keep all original documents stored safely.)

Be Aggressive and Proactive:

The credit agency to investigate your dispute within 30 days of your complaint. While you’re waiting for a response, contact the bank, credit card or other company that supplied the wrong information that is part of your dispute. Send copies of your dispute documents to each company via certified, return-receipt mail. Be sure to include your credit report dispute letter and ask them to investigate the disputed the data they gave the credit bureau, too.

Credit Agency Reports to You:

When the credit agency investigation has been completed, they are required to report back to you in writing with the results. If your dispute is proven correct, the credit agency must remove the incorrect information from your file. The bureau also has to give you a free copy of your report, along with the name, address, and phone number of the company that provided the erroneous information.

Follow Through after the Investigation:

Request that the credit agency send a notice to anyone who received a copy of your credit report in the past few months to notify them of the correction. If your dispute is denied, you should ask that a statement of the dispute be included in your file and in future reports. You also can ask the credit bureau to provide your statement to anyone who received a copy of your report in the recent past, although credit bureaus can charge you for this service.

Visit ftc.gov/credit for more information on how to dispute credit report errors.



LONNY

cynthiastewart asked:


The credit report in United States is a document prepared by each of the three main credit reporting agencies Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. This report is absolutely essential to get any kind of loan from banks and other agencies. The credit report determines your credit score which is an indication of your financial health. A lot of misconceptions prevail regarding the credit report and credit score. In this article we try to clear some of these misconceptions.

1. The credit reporting agencies make random guesses for credit score

The credit reporting agencies do not arbitrarily decide on your credit score. In fact every loan, mortgage or credit card you take is closely monitored by the financial institution that provides it. The way you tackle your debt, repayment and interest rates is tracked by the company and sent to the credit rating agencies to calculate your credit score. The software used to calculate your credit score is FICO (Fair Issacs Corporation) after the people who designed it. It is a fairly complicated piece of software that decides on your credit score based on established parameters.

2. The credit reporting agencies are biased

No, not at all. No consideration whatsoever is given to factors like race, gender, nationality, marital status, or religion. It is your finances that matter. The feedback received by credit rating agencies from your banks, lenders etc. are the only things that matter. The idea is to establish your credit trustworthiness.

3. I have to pay heavy fees to credit reporting agencies to get my credit report

This is grossly untrue as the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) makes it mandatory for each of the credit reporting agencies to send a free copy of your credit report on your request each year. So, you can have a copy of your credit report absolutely free of cost once a year. If you require more than that you have to pay a small fee to the respective credit reporting agency. In fact, it is advised that you regularly check your credit report. It is indeed one of the best financial practices.

4. My credit report is available to public

Nothing could be more incorrect than this fact. Your credit report is Top Secret information. The lending institutions when they are in a process of giving you some loan can get a glimpse at it and that too with your permission.

5. The credit report prepared by the agencies is final and can’t be altered

If you find any errors in your credit report, you can report it to the credit bureau and get it investigated. If there are errors, your credit report will be corrected and your credit score will reflect the corrections. To make sure that your credit score represents your true credit history it is advised that you regularly check your credit report and scrutinize it correctly. If any discrepancies are noted, immediately contact the issuing agency and get it corrected.

By debunking these misconceptions regarding the credit report a person can get more focused on maintaining a good credit score and healthy financial state.



ROCCO

Jon Arnold asked:


Considering how valuable your credit report and your resulting credit score are to you, it never ceases to amaze me how many people believe in and rely on misconceptions, myths, and downright bunk about how credit reporting really works. To adequately function in today’s society, one’s credit score needs to be at least at the “ok” level, and people with bad credit or poor credit are only accelerating their downward spiral by not doing something about it.

The sad part is that there ARE things you can do to improve your credit score. While those things take effort, they do not necessarily require money and these are all things you can do at home.

Most people do not realize that they have three entirely separate and distinct credit reports, one from each of the three credit reporting bureaus. Since these bureaus do not share information, they each report what they think they know, which in reality means that not one of them has a true and complete picture of your credit. To add insult to injury, chances are extremely high that your credit report with at least one (if not all) of the credit bureaus contains errors, and the only way the errors will get fixed and removed is if YOU dispute them. I have heard of people whose credit score jumped more than 100 points in less than a month after they got various inaccurate pieces of information removed from their credit profile.

But let’s spend some time here talking about some very common myths about credit, credit scores, and credit reporting, and find out what the real deal is on this misconceptions.

Myth #1: Paying off a negative account on your credit report will get it removed from your report.

This is not true at all. That account will remain on your credit report for years, plainly showing for all to see that it went past due, it went delinquent, and then you paid it off. But since it is part and parcel of your credit history, it stays on your credit history for years. Remember, your credit history is exactly that – a HISTORY of your dealings with credit, and just because an account is closed or paid off does not dismiss the fact that it is still part of your credit history.

Myth #2: Paying off an account will cause your credit score to increase significantly.

Again not true. There are a huge number of factors that come into play when the credit bureaus calculate your credit score. Chief amongst those factors are have you been paying your financial obligations on time with at least the minimum payment due. Paying off an account entirely can actually do more damage than good. Having credit in good standing, but keeping your balance less than about 32% of your credit limit is a great place to be, and you gain no additional points by paying off that account.

Myth #3: Checking your credit reports will lower your credit score.

Yet again not true. The financially savvy consumer will check his credit report at least once a year, sometimes more often. Every time someone requests a copy of your credit report, that fact is flagged, but it is also flagged as to WHO requested your credit report. If it was you, then it does nothing to your credit score, as opposed to having your credit report requested by 12 different loan companies, which is almost sure to raise a red flag and lower your score.

Myth #4: Cosigning for a loan does not mean you are responsible for the account.

Not at all true. The reason you were requested to co-sign on a loan or an account for someone is because they themselves have insufficient credit history or have bad credit history. The act of you co-signing on it is you telling the financial institution “hey, if they default on this, I’ll take care of it”, so you DO have responsibility for the loan. But it gets worse – if the person who took out the loan starts to default on it, then it is also YOUR credit score that suffers, since again, you co-signed on it, giving you some responsibility for making sure they repay it on time.

Understand how the credit game is played. You cannot win any game if you don’t know the rules, and since credit affects a lot of different aspects of your life, it is well worth your time to understand the factors and the myths about how your credit score is derived.



MALIK

AvidFan45 asked:

Series 14 Episode 2 - The Two Johns on The Credit Crunch

ROB

Mark R asked:


I have a credit card with a credit limit of $12,500. I have not only been making the payments each month, but I have been paying off my monthly balance at the end of each month consistently. My father told me that, given the situation of today’s financial market, the bank can decide to lower my limit. Is this possible? Is this likely? If so, what factors would influence their decision to lower my credit limit?

MICHALE

Carl Smith asked:


Credit Reports - What’s On Them, and How to Check Yours

Businesses in the United States buy more than two billion credit reports every year. Since there are currently fewer than 300 million people in the country, this means that the average adult has his or her credit reports examined by someone about once every other month. And yet, only a small percentage of Americans have ever laid eyes on their own credit reports. Viewing your credit reports at least twice a year is a necessity in today’s electronic age, and while it may not always be free, getting access to your credit reports is much easier and less expensive than it has been at almost any time in history.



What is a Credit Report?

There are three major credit bureaus in the United States. They are Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. These three companies are competitors, and therefore they don’t share information with one another. As a result, your Equifax credit report may be significantly different from your Experian credit report, and your TransUnion report may be different still. Sometimes this is a good thing - if only one of the credit agencies reports a bad history, for example. But more often than not, it’s a headache, since at least one of your credit reports is bound to have some incorrect, negative information on it.

What’s On Your Credit Report?



Although each of the three credit agencies record slightly different information, the following is a basic list of what you’ll find on each of your credit reports: Your name and your spouse’s name. Where you live, where you work, and where you used to live (and used to work). Your social security number, phone number, and birth date. A list of your credit accounts and when you’ve paid your bills - on time, late, late by more than 30 days, late by more than 60 days, etc. How much total credit you have available. Whether and to whom you’ve made an application for credit in the past six months. Which companies have requested and obtained your credit report. And finally, dreaded “public records” - bankruptcies, foreclosures, repossessions, court judgments, convictions, and tax liens.

How Long Does Information Stay On Your Credit Report?

Positive information stays on your credit report indefinitely, which is a good thing. Most negative information should be deleted after seven years, with the exception of certain types of bankruptcy, which can stay on your report for ten years. If one of your credit reports is missing positive information or contains negative information that’s older than seven years, contact the appropriate credit bureau.



JEFF

Stuart Hunter asked:


“It is the purpose of this title to require that consumer reporting agencies adopt reasonable procedures for meeting the needs of commerce for consumer credit, personnel, insurance, and other information in a manner which is fair and equitable to the consumer, with regard to the confidentiality, accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization of such information in accordance with the requirements of this title.”

In the words of the U.S. Congress, the previous paragraph is the purpose of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). In short, the Fair Credit Reporting Act is designed to help protect consumers against unfair practices within the credit reporting system.

While the mission of the FCRA was a noble one, a quick look around today’s credit society shows the results have fallen well short of expectations. What follows is how the FCRA has failed to produce a fair credit system for today’s consumers.

Detailing the Failures of the Credit Reporting System

1) Accuracy – It is well documented that credit reports contain errors but it bears repeating. Recent studies show that almost 80% of all credit reports contain factual errors such as duplicate listings, incorrect dates, tradelines placed on the wrong person’s credit reports, and omitted positive credit accounts.

These studies also indicate that 25% of credit reports containing errors significant enough to result in a credit denial.

How fair is a credit system that can cause a person to get declined for a loan or force them to pay higher interest rates than are necessary based on their actual credit risk? True, you have the right to dispute these inaccurate items with the credit bureaus, but this chore is not necessarily easy or foolproof. Depending on the nature of the erroneous items on your credit reports, credit repair can be a frustrating and time consuming ordeal that you are forced into because of no fault of your own.

2) Relevancy – While they do not say it directly, the credit bureaus’ creation of the VantageScore is evidence enough that the current FICO based credit scoring models are not as relevant as they could be. According to Experian spokesman Donald Girard, the VantageScore is “the most sophisticated, highly predictive scoring model that’s available in the marketplace” and as a consequence the much more popular FICO score is less predictive.

One of the flaws in the FICO score that the VantageScore tried to fix is the impact that very old credit accounts have on the credit score. According to Dr. Bonnie Guiton Hill, advisor to President Bush on consumer affairs, “it is our understanding that computer models that predict credit worthiness find most information that is more than two years old nonessential.” This is why newly created scoring models like the VantageScore are beginning to ignore credit information that is over three years old. It does not serve to accurately determine your credit risk.

So why have lenders been so slow to adopt scoring models such as the VantageScore? They claim it is because FICO is ingrained in the current credit system and has stood the test of time. A more cynical answer is that these lenders are not willing to sacrifice the huge profits they make from charging higher interest rates on loans granted to people who are a relatively low credit risk.

Of course, this cynicism is not simply the result of a general and unfounded grudge. It is born from the observation that seemingly every quirk and inconsistency in the credit reporting system falls in favor of the lenders. For example, when looked at logically, it makes sense to close unused credit cards. Not too long ago, financial experts suggested people do exactly this to make your credit score look better by showing your lack of need for unsecured credit.

But now we know that closing those accounts can actually lower your credit score because FICO rewards you for having multiple accounts and a large amount of credit at your disposal. So while closing accounts seems to be the financially responsible thing to so, it is probably more than an odd coincidence that this behavior which makes you a less profitable consumer for banks and credit card companies it punished by FICO.

The same goes for paying off installment loans early and voluntarily lowering credit limits. Both of these actions seem inline with what we would expect from the ideal consumer, but neither will have a positive impact on your credit score. Early payment of installment loans, another common goal of a financially responsible consumer that diminishes the profits of lenders, is not noted on your credit reports. And contrary to what you would think, lowering credit limits would lower your credit score because as alluded to above, you are rewarded for having multiple credit accounts and lots of credit at your disposal.

But by another quirk of the FICO credit scoring model, you are rewarded for having multiple credit accounts, but you are punished for seeking new credit. Consumers are told that inquiries are added to your credit reports each time you apply for credit so other lenders can see that you may be overextending yourself or crashing. But isn’t it convenient that inquiries will lower your credit score at the exact time when you are looking to qualify for new lines of credit? FICO wants you to have multiple lines of credit, but in trying to appease the scoring model, you will temporarily lower your credit score allowing lenders to charge you higher interest rates.

It seems no matter what you do, the deck is stacked against the consumer.

So while the VantageScore is a step in the right direction, it is still a long way from producing truly relevant results. This is because the VantageScore maintains many of the same scoring quirks exhibited by FICO and still uses the same basic, and very limited, variables for determining your credit score such as payment history, amounts owed, and length of credit history.

Your credit score is found by taking these variables as recorded in your credit reports, plugging them into a predictive model, and calculating a single three digit number. A late payment for example will be entered into the formula and will lower your credit score a set amount based on the amount of time it was late and how long ago the late payment was reported.

The fundamental flaw in this model, however, is that there is no accounting for why the payment was late. Whether you were late in making a payments because the lender did not send you a bill, because the bills were sent to the wrong address, because you wrote the wrong amount on the check, because your checks bounced, or because you blew all your money on illegal drugs; it is all the same in the eyes of the credit scoring model. Even if you have a sloppy lender to blame for your late payments, your credit worthiness in the eyes of lenders will be the same as a person saddled with a serious drug addiction.

3) Proper Utilization – Given how common it is for a credit score to be a gross misrepresentation of a person’s credit worthiness, it could be argued that the pervasiveness of credit scores in the financial market is improper. But in today’s society, the use of credit scores goes well beyond determining loan amounts and interest rates.

Employers, landlords, insurance companies and others may request to see your credit score. In today’s society your ability to get a certain job, rent an apartment, or qualify for reasonable insurance premium can all be dependent on your credit score.

Improper is a subjective term, but being passed over for a job because of completely irrelevant and possibly inaccurate negative credit items in your credit reports that are plugged into a flawed credit scoring model to produce a credit score that is not indicative of your actual credit worthiness fits the bill.

The FCRA Made Improvements, but there is Still a Long Way to Go

The FCRA’s failure to produce a system where the “accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization” of your information is protected has resulted in a credit reporting system that is hardly “fair and equitable” to you as a consumer. But in defense of Congress, the FCRA has been heavily influenced by deep-pocketed industry lobbyists. In fact, when the FCRA was originally passed in 1971, Senator William Proxmire, one of the bills primary sponsors, felt defeated at what had become of his original intentions for the bill.

Since that time, the FCRA has been amended to become more and more consumer friendly, but there is still a ways to go and as was the case in 1971, those in the credit industry are still keenly interested in maintaining the status quo.

While the credit bureaus are no longer able to record information about you such as your ethnicity and religion, they also are not required to collect other personal information that is relevant to your credit worthiness. If you are a model citizen who has worked with the same company for 10 years, has a perfect criminal record and makes more than enough money to cover your expenses, it is fairly obvious that you are more worthy of credit than a career criminal who is a continual burden on the system. But none of this information is recorded by the credit bureaus or used when calculating your credit score. If you and the career criminal have the same types of accounts on your credit reports, your credit scores will be the same.

Also, while you now have the ability to see what information is contained within your credit reports, you do not have the ability to learn any more than the very basics of how this information is used to formulate your credit score. What impact will paying off a past due debt have on your credit? Which credit cards should be paid down first? What effect will shopping for a new loan have on your credit score? We have vague, observation based answers for these questions, but the exact formula is unknown and is subject to change at any time.

Finally, you have the right to dispute the questionable items in your credit reports, but you don’t have the right for this process to be easy or necessarily effective. Depending on your unique situation, credit repair can be as easy as submitting an online form or as difficult as tracking down creditors, fighting with collections agencies, and possibly involving legal intervention. The very entities who profit most from inaccurate credit reporting are the ones who played such a big role in watering down the FCRA and continue to resist consumer attempts to add equity to the credit system. It is these entities you are forced to contend with when working to enforce your right to a fair and accurate credit report.



ORVILLE

Sean R asked:


I checked my wife’s credit report and she has 3 accounts with late payments from several years ago prior to us being married. One was past due 60 days, one was past due 30 days